Outline

Lecture: Origins of the French Revolution

Marseillaise

http://www.defense.gouv.fr/histoire/musique_militaire/histoire/1.htm

Outline

Agricultural problems

Excess reliance on grain

vaine pâture

Enclosure attempts mostly foiled

Comparison with England

green pasturing

seed drill

Physiocrats

France had financial problems: Causes of the financial problems? Wars

War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48)

Seven Years War (1756-1763—the first real “world war” in a way)

American Revolution

= France didn't have resources to fight all these wars on all these fronts; Britain had an advantage——an island

Financial Problems

variety of taxes

direct taxes

tax farms

no budget

large debt, periodically repudiated => high interest rates

The social theory of the revolution

Lefebvre

Cobban

Recent work: role of the aristocracy

Lecture: The Course of the French revolution

Outline

Constitutional Crisis

Doublement

Tennis court oath (2)

Revolt: July 14, 1789—the Fall of the Bastille

Revolution

August Decrees

Revolution in the countryside

Declaration of the Rights of Man; constitutional debate

October Days: March to Versailles

Local government reorganization

Church policy

Economic policy

Flight to Varennes

Legislative Assembly

Declaration of War: Revolutionizing the revolution

Storming of the Tuileries

Terror: "It is dreadful but necessary" (1794 anonymous print)

September Massacres

National Convention

Abolition of the monarchy

Republic of reason, republic of "virtue"

Trial and execution of "Louis Capet"

The Vendée

Montagnard phase and the sans culottes

"The Terror"

Execution of Marie Antoinette

Execution of the Girondins

Execution of the Hébertistes

Execution of the Dantonistes

Reaction

July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor): Fall of Robespierre

Closing of Jacobin clubs

Abolition of the maximum

Constitution of 1795