American Thought and Culture II  
Professor Bill Issel

This course explores topics in the history of  thought and culture in the United States from the 1880s to the present, with emphasis on political thought and political culture (ideas, ideologies, practices).  The course especially focuses on the persistence of religious belief systems in a time of expanding scientific rationality and the persistence of belief in natural inequalities in an age of expanding social, economic, and political rights for men and women regardless of race, creed, or color, age, sexual orientation, or disability. 

Course Requirements

1.  Class Attendance, Reading Assignments and Class Participation:  (20%)

Regular class attendance is a requirement in this course.  Your grade will be seriously affected if you miss more than two classes during the term.

Required Reading: 

There are two kinds of reading assignments:  Documents from the historical period written by politicians, activists, and intellectuals and chapters from the online textbook created for students and scholars by Mintz, S. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved May 8, 2008 http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu

Students are expected to read the assigned materials before the class meeting indicated in order to prepare for discussions. 

Consult "How to Read a Primary Source" by the Bowdoin College History Department for suggestions about using the historical documents that are listed in the "primary sources" sections of the syllabus, available at 
  http://www.bowdoin.edu/writing-guides/primaries.htm

The textbook chapters in the online textbook will provide you with the background information necessary for critical reading and analysis of the historical documents.  

The quality of your class participation is obviously important, and the ideal would be frequent, high-quality, participation.  Your class participation grade will be based on my evaluation of your work in class in relation to the following criteria.

1.  Are the points you make substantive and relevant to the topic under consideration?  Are your comments linked to the comments of others?

2.  Do your comments indicate that you have been listening carefully to the lecture/discussion?

3.  Do your comments clarify and highlight the important aspects of earlier comments and do they lead to a clearer statement of the concepts and data being covered?

4.   Do your comments show that you are willing to interact in a positive and supportive manner with other class members and the instructor?

5.   Do your comments show evidence of analysis beyond a simple reaction based on emotions, values, and ideologies?

6.   Do your comments show your ability to distinguish among different types of analytical approaches (i.e., economic, political, social, cultural, psychological, ideological, ethical, moral, etc.)?

7.   Do your comments indicate your desire to advance our understanding of the subject matter by developing an appreciation of the complexity of human behavior?

8.   Do your comments indicate your willingness to examine and entertain possible new ideas and approaches while at the same time adopting a skeptical and critical spirit?

2.  Class Presentation:  (10%)

Prepare and present a report to the class on a historical website.  

This assignment is designed to afford students an opportunity to become familiar with some of the growing number of internet websites related to American Thought and Culture and to practice the skills used in presentations.   Please follow the following guidelines in preparing and delivering your presentation. Prepare a one page outline of your report for the class, and submit a two to three page summary to the instructor, at the beginning of class the day of your presentation.

             Address the Following Questions Explicitly

          A. Who (individual, organization)  is the author of this website and why was it produced?

            B. What are the main features of this website? (e.g. does it include visual as well as documentary sources?)
            
            (Points A and B should be covered in no more than five minutes)

            C.  What are three particular ways that this website could be useful in the study of American Thought and Culture? 
         
   
            (Point C should be covered in a
minimum of 10 and a maximum of 15 minutes) 

3.  Quizzes:  (40%, 8 % each)

There will be five, unannounced, quizzes in class.  Each quiz will consist of a question about the primary source documents assigned for that week.  The purpose of the quizzes is to encourage you to keep up with the course reading, to provide you with credit for completing the reading, and to allow me an opportunity to give you feedback on your work as you progress through the course.

4.  Critical Historical Essay:  (30 %)

There will be a critical historical essay about the impact of war on American thought and culture, based on the historical documentary viewed in class about the Spanish American War.  Specific instructions for the essay will be distributed in class, but the following general guidelines pertain:

Your essay should provide a critical analysis of how the documentary contributes to our knowledge and understanding of American thought and culture.  These are to be analytical essays based on viewing the documentary in the context of your reading of the assigned course reading.  These are  not research essays using library or internet sources.  Your essay should begin with a thesis statement and you should develop that thesis, using extensive references to the documentary and to the course readings.  Essays should be at least three pages but not more than five pages in length.

Your essays will be evaluated according to the following criteria:

1.      How well you organize your material and the effectiveness of your essay’s structure.

2.      How effective your writing style is in communicating your information and ideas.

3.      How well informed, sophisticated, and original your essay is in its analysis of the documentary.  

4.      How effective you are in analyzing the documentary in relation to the primary and secondary sources in the assigned readings.

Essays must be typewritten, and double-spaced. Use a type font no smaller than 12. Staple the pages in the upper left-hand corner and do not use a cover page or a folder.  Essays will be assigned letter grades.  Grading will not be based on a grading curve.  Essays will be graded on composition as well as substance.  Guidelines for writing analytical history essays are available at: http://bss.sfsu.edu/issel/reviews.htm

Week 1:  Introduction to the Course, Requirements and Procedures

PART 1:  GILDED AGE AMERICA

Week 2:  Social Darwinists and Anti-Social Darwinists

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
The Gilded Age
The Rise of Big Business

Primary Sources:  
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (proposed 1866; ratified 1868)
http://www.nps.gov/archive/malu/documents/amend14.htm
William Graham Sumner, “What the Social Classes Owe Each Other” (1883)
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4998/
Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth” (1889)
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1889carnegie.html
Henry George, “Progress and Poverty” (1879)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1876-1900/reform/progress.htm
Lester Frank Ward, (online biography)
http://www.asanet.org/cs/root/leftnav/governance/past_officers/presidents/lester_f_ward
Pope Leo XIII, “Rerum Novarum” (Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor) (1891)
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum_en.html

Week 3:  Racial Theorists and their Critics   

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
Along the Color Line
The Huddled Masses

Image Archives of the American Eugenics Movement  
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/list3.pl
 

Primary Sources:  
Elof Carlson, “Scientific Origins of Eugenics” (essay)
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/essay2text.html
The Anti-Chinese Movement and Exclusion, an Online Exhibit
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/theme9.html
The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/chinex.htm
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1876-1900/plessy/plessy.htm
Niagra Movement Declaration of Principles (1910)
http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1152.htm  
Paul Lombardo, “Eugenic Laws against Race Mixing” essay
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/essay7text.html

PART 2:  SUBJECTIVE NECESSITIES AND SOCIAL REFORMERS

Week 4:  Progress, Poverty, and the Laboring Classes  

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
Industrialization and the Working Class

Primary Sources:  
Knights of Labor (essay)
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=910&nm=Knights-of-Labor
Eugene V. Debs, “Proclamation to the American Railway Union” (1893)
http://www.marxists.org/archive/debs/works/1895/aru.htm
Samuel Gompers, letter to Judge Peter Grosskup (1894)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1876-1900/reform/gompers.htm
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “Women and Economics” (1898), chapter IV
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/gilman/economics/economics.html
Lochner v. New York (1905)
http://www.oyez.org/cases/1901-1939/1904/1904_292/
Emma Goldman, “Samuel Gompers” (1925)
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Writings/Essays/gompers.html

Week 5:  Social Feminists and Suffragists

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
The Rise of the City
The Struggle for Women's Suffrage

Primary Sources:  
Jane Addams, “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892/1910)
http://www.infed.org/archives/e-texts/addams6.htm
Donaldina Cameron, “The San Francisco Mission Home for Chinese Girls” (nd)
http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906/ew15.html
Carrie Chapman Catt’s “The Crisis” (1916)
http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/catt_the_crisis.html

Week 6:  Plutocrats and Populists  

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  

The Political Crisis of the 1890s

Thorstein Veblen, “The Theory of the Leisure Class” (1899) excerpts
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1899veblen.html
Populist Party Platform (1892)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1876-1900/reform/populist.htm
President Grover Cleveland, “Message on the Repeal of the Silver Purchase Act” (1893)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1876-1900/reform/grover.htm
William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold Speech” (1896)
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5354/

Week 7:  Pragmatists and Progressives  

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
The Making of Modern America
The Progressive Era

William James, “What Pragmatism Means” (1906)
http://www.uwplatt.edu/~drefcins/254james.html
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/30.htm
Theodore Roosevelt, “The New Nationalism” (1910)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/31.htm
Woodrow Wilson, “First Inaugural Address” (1913)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/32.htm

PART 3:  CONFRONTING THE WIDER WORLD

Week 8:  Imperialists, Internationalists, and Isolationists  

Digital History Textbook Chapters:  
United States Becomes a World Power
America at War: World War I  

Primary Sources:  
Alfred T. Mahan on Sea Power (1890)
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/protected/alfred.htm
The Platt Amendment (1901)
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1901platt.html
President Woodrow Wilson’s “Peace Without Victory” Speech (1915)
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ww15.htm
President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points Speech to Congress (1918)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/51.htm
U.S. Senate debate on the League of Nations (1918)
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/doc41.htm

Week 9:  Free Speech, Nativists, and Fundamentalists  

Digital History Textbook Chapter:  
The Jazz Age: The American 1920s

Primary Sources:  
Schenck v. United States (1919)
http://www.oyez.org/cases/1901-1939/1918/1918_437/
Abrams v. United States (1919)
http://www.oyez.org/cases/1901-1939/1919/1919_316/
Whitney v. California (1927)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/44.htm
Paul Lombardo, “Eugenics Laws Restricting Immigration” essay
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/essay9text.html
Christopher Armstrong and Grant Wacker, “The Scopes Trial” essay
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/tscopes.htm

Week 10:  New Deal Liberals and Cold War Culture Warriors  

Digital History Textbook Chapters:
1930s
America at War: World War II
Postwar America: 1945 - 1960

Primary Sources:  
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/45.htm
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address (1933)
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5057/
Harlan Fiske Stone’s Carolene Products Footnote
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/34.htm
President Franklin Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech (1941)
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/workbook/ralprs36b.htm
The Marshall Plan (1947)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/57.htm
Peter Viereck, Review of “The Irony of American History” by Reinhold Niebuhr (1952)
http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/books/niebuhr-irony.pdf
The Censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy (1954)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/60.htm

Week 11:  The Sixties – Countercultures and Culture Wars  

Digital History Textbook Chapters  
America in Ferment: The Tumultuous 1960s
Vietnam War

The Sixties Project website  
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Sixties.html

Primary Sources:  
John F. Kennedy, “Address to Southern Baptist Leaders” (1960)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/66.htm
Engle v. Vitale (1962)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/47.htm
The Port Huron Statement (1962) excerpts
http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111hur.html
NOW Statement of Purpose (1966)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/69.htm
The Black Panther Party Platform and Program (1966)
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/Panther_platform.html
Griswold v. Connecticut (1969)
http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1964/1964_496/
New York Times Company v. The United States (1971)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/48.htm  

Week 12:  Coming to Terms with Diversity and Postmodernity

Digital History Textbook Chapter:  
The Past Three Decades: Years of Crisis - Years of Triumph

Primary Sources:  
Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream” speech (1963)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1951-1975/mlk/dream.htm
George C. Wallace, “The Civil Rights Movement: Fraud, Sham, Hoax” (1964)
http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1951-1975/integration/wallace.htm
Noam Chomsky, “The Responsibility of Intellectuals” (1967)
http://www.chomsky.info/articles/19670223.htm
Roe v. Wade (1973)
http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1971/1971_70_18/
Edward Said, “Orientalism” (1978) essay 
 
http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Orientalism.html
Secretary of State James Baker’s Democracy and Foreign Policy speech (1990)
http://usinfo.org/docs/democracy/69.htm
Rev. Hopeton Scott, Conversation on Race and Ethnicity (1998)
http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1027.htm
Henry Louis Gates, interview with Jane Slaughter (1998)
http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/gates/jsinterv.html
Bowers v. Hardwick/Lawrence v. Texas (1986/2003)
http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/bowers_v_hardwick.html
President George W. Bush, speech to the National Religious Broadcasters conference (2008)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/03/20080311-3.html

 

You may also find the following worksheet useful (from Wisconsin State Library "Document Analysis" guidelines, accessed on January 27, 2009):  http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/pdfs/documentanalysisworksheet.pdf

Document Analysis Worksheet

 1. Type of document (check one)

___ Newspaper ___ Letter ___ Diary

___ Government Report ___ Interview ___ Legal document

___ Debate transcription ___ Jesuit relation ___ Index

___ Memoir ___ Other

 2. Date(s) of document:

 3. Author (or creator) of the document:

 4. What do you know about the background of the author(s)?

 5. Who do you think this document was written for?

 6. What is the topic or issue of the document?

 7. Document Information: (There are many possible answers to these questions)

 A. List three things the author said that you think are important:

1.

2.

3.

 B. Why do you think this document was written?

 C. What evidence in the document helps you know why it was written? Give an example

from the document to support your opinion.

 D. List two things the document tells you about American Thought and Culture at the time the document was written:

1.

2.

 E. Does the document conflict or agree with other things you have read about the topic?

 F. Write a question to the author that is left unanswered by the document.