THOUGHT AND CULTURE IN AMERICA

Course Objectives                                                                                                                                                         

 1.  To develop a working knowledge of the most important changes and continuities in American thought and culture from colonial times to the present.        

 2.  To become familiar with using primary and secondary sources in order to develop a critical appreciation of history as lived experience, history as written by historians, and history as used by governments or other institutions to shape public opinion.     

3.  To gain practice in using the skills of historical analysis:  writing accurate descriptions; making effective evidence-based arguments; making comparisons and contrasts; developing  reliable explanations; constructing thoughtful interpretations of the meaning and significance of historical events. 

  Learning Outcomes

  1.  Students will demonstrate the ability to distinguish between primary and secondary historical sources and to use these sources critically.

 2.  Students will demonstrate the ability to assess the strengths and weaknesses of competing points of view on issues addressed in primary and secondary sources.

3.  Students will demonstrate the ability to utilize skills of description, comparison and contrast, and synthesis in the construction of analytical essays based on evidence from primary and secondary sources. 

 Students who need course adaptations or accommodations because of a disability are invited to contact Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) in the Cowell Building on campus (phone: 510.430.2264; email: disability@mills.edu).

  Course Structure and Requirements

 This is a lecture/discussion course that will examine thought and culture in America from colonial times to the 1990s through intensive reading and discussion of influential texts.  This course takes ideas seriously, including ideas associated with religious belief systems. Ideas are considered in the various contexts, material as well as personal, social and political, in which they were developed and acted upon.  American thought and culture will be considered in  the larger context of world history.  No previous college level knowledge of American intellectual and cultural history is assumed.

Books to Purchase:

Robert M. Crunden, A Brief History of American Culture, North Castle Books, M.E. Sharpe, 1996. (BH)

 Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom, Norton, 1998. (SAF)

 George Marsden, Religion and American Culture, 2nd Edition, Harcourt, 2001. (RAC)

 Required Reading Available on Reserve

  David Hollinger and Charles Capper, The American Intellectual Tradition, Volumes I and II, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press,  2001.  (AIT)

 Basis for Grading:

  Class participation        10%  (includes attendance and contribution to discussions) 

Take-home essays       60% (three essays, each worth 20%)

Class presentation       15%

Book review               15%

  Take-home Essays:

  The essays must utilize both primary and secondary sources from the assigned reading.  Additional primary sources, accompanied by complete citations, provided they are used in conjunction with, and supplement, the assigned readings may also be used, and must be used if students wish to qualify for an “A” grade.  Additional secondary sources may be used, but not as a substitute for primary sources.  Material from lectures should be used whenever the subject of the essay has been covered in lectures. Essays must be five pages maximum, typewritten, and double-spaced. Use a type font no smaller than 12. Staple the pages in the upper left-hand corner and do not use a cover page or a folder.  Essays will be assigned letter grades.  Grading will not be based on a grading curve.  Essays will be graded on composition as well as substance.  Guidelines for writing analytical history essays are available at: http://bss.sfsu.edu/issel/reviews.htm

Written work will be assigned letter grades.  Grading will  not be based on a grading curve.  All written work will  be graded on composition as well as substance. 

  First Essay (choose one)  DUE SEPTEMBER 25

  1. Describe the influence of Puritanism on American thought and culture, with specific reference to the writings of John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson, and Roger Williams.

 2.  Describe the influence of  “the Enlightenment” on American thought and culture, with specific reference to the writings of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and James Madison

 3. Describe the influence of the discourse about “Equality of the Sexes” on American thought and culture, with specific reference to the writings of Judith Sargent Murray, Sarah Grimke, and Catherine Beecher. 

  Second Essay (choose one)  DUE NOVEMBER 6

  1. Compare and contrast the antislavery and proslavery viewpoints, with specific reference to the writings of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Martin Delany, John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh. 

 2. Compare and contrast antebellum with post-Civil War women’s rights advocates, with specific reference to the writings of Catherine Beecher, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman

 3. Compare and contrast the two major versions of Social Darwinism and Progressivism, with particular reference to the writings of William Graham Sumner, Lester Frank Ward, Jane Addams, Woodrow Wilson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. 

  Third Essay (choose one)  DUE DECEMBER 4

  The questions below require you to create a synthesis based on all pertinent primary and secondary sources from the course reading and lectures.  Take into account as many causal factors as possible.

  1. Explain how the Spanish American War and World War I influenced American thought and culture, with particular reference to the writings of W.E.B. DuBois, Woodrow Wilson, Randolph Bourne, and John Crowe Ransom.

 2. Explain how the New Deal and World War II influenced American thought and culture, with particular reference to the writings of Sidney Hook, David Lilienthal, Reinhold Niebuhr, Gunnar Myrdal, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X. 

 3.  Explain how the Cold War influenced American thought and culture, with particular reference to the writings of Whitaker Chambers, John Courtney Murray, Daniel Bell, W.W. Rostow, C. Wright Mills, Noam Chomsky, Samuel Huntington, and Ralph Ellison. 

 Class Presentations:

  Each student will present an oral report based on a selected excerpt from the work of a prominent writer during the discussion time scheduled for Thursday classes.  This will be a 15 to 25 minute presentation describing the document and analyzing its significance for understanding American thought and culture.  Each student will submit a summary of 3 to 4 pages at the time of the presentation.  All of the selections are included in The American Intellectual Tradition on reserve in the library. 

  Book Reviews:

  Each student will also prepare a critical review of a book selected in consultation with the instructor.  Reviews are due anytime during the semester but no later than Dec. 6.  The book review and the class presentation may be on the same or similar topic.  Guidelines for the books reviews are available at: http://bss.sfsu.edu/issel/reviews.htm

Class Procedures:

  Completion of reading assignments in advance of class meetings and consistent presence and participation in class are fundamental requirements for the course.  If it is necessary for you to be late or absent, it is your responsibility to inform the instructor and to make arrangements for covering any material missed.  An excessive number of absences (more than three) will result in the lowering of the final grade by five percentage points per absence.  Please arrive on time to  class.   Occa­sional instances of arriving late may be unavoidable, but habitual lateness is rude and demonstrates disrespect to the instructor and to other students.  Please turn off cell phones, and plan to remain in class during the entire meeting.

 Students should review the guidelines below in order to prepare for active and productive participation in discussions.  Lectures will not merely review the assigned reading but will instead expand upon issues of controversy and interpretive questions related to the topic.  Getting the most out of lectures requires that you read the material on the lecture topic in the assigned books before the lecture, so that you can be prepared to understand the additional information provided in the lecture.  Attendance at  lectures, conventional wisdom to the contrary notwithstanding, is not a “passive” experience, at least not to those who choose to be fully – in mind as well as body – present.

  All written work will be evaluated on the basis of substance and composition.  Students are responsible for keeping copies of all written assignments that they submit.  The due dates for assignments  are made well in advance of the due dates,  so there  should be no reason for extensions to be granted.   Consequently,  all late papers will be penalized:  by one grade if the  paper  is not submitted in class on the  due  date;  by another  grade for every class meeting the paper is delinquent (no papers  will  be accepted after one week; a grade of  F  will  be recorded).  All course work must be completed in order to receive a passing grade in this class.  Only a doctor's written excuse or a similar  documen­tation  in writing of medical treatment, university  sports  team responsibility,  or  employment-related emergency will  exempt a student from the above requirement.

Guidelines for Class Participation:

 Class participation will count 10% of your course grade and will be based on the criteria below.

  1.        Are the points you make in discussion substantive and relevant to the topic under consideration?  Are your comments linked to the comments of others?

2.        Do your comments indicate that you have been listening carefully to the lecture and to the discussion?

3.        Do your comments clarify and highlight the important aspects of earlier comments and do they lead to a clearer statement of the concepts and data being covered?

4.        Do your comments show that you are willing to interact in a positive and supportive manner with other class members and the instructor?

5.        Do your comments show evidence of analysis beyond a simple reaction based primarily on emotions, values, ideologies?

6.        Do your comments show your ability to distinguish among different types of analytical approaches, i. e. economic, political, social, cultural, psychological, linguistic, ideological, ethical, moral, etc.?

7.        Do your comments indicate your desire to advance our understanding of the subject matter by developing an appreciation of the complexity of human behavior?

8.  Do your comments indicate your willingness to examine and entertain new ideas and

     perspectives while at the same time adopting a skeptical and critical spirit?

 Class and Exam Schedule.  Readings should be completed prior to the Tuesday meetings. 

 Aug. 30            Introduction to the Course

  Week 1:          A City on a Hill

 reading:          BH, Preface, Prologue & Chapter 1

                        RAC, Intro, Prologue, and pp. 15-37

                        SAF, Intro & pp. 3-12            

  Tues. Sept. 4    Lecture:  Puritans and their Wilderness

 Thu. Sept. 6     Discussion:  “Introduction,” 3-4, John Winthrop, 7-15 Anne Hutchinson,                                   28-38 & Roger Williams, 39-46

  Week 2:  Republican Revolutionaries

 reading:          BH, Chapters 2 & 3

                        RAC, 38-56

                        SAF, 12-28

 Tu. Sept. 11     Lecture:  American Enlightenments

Th. Sept. 13     Discussion:  “Introduction,” 95-97 & Franklin, 99-112, Thomas Paine,                          125-132 & Thomas Jefferson, 133-136 & 183- 200 Alexander Hamilton ,                           137-142 & James Madison, 155-163, Brutus & Murray, 143-54, 164-171                                &  Adams, 113-124, 172-180

  Week 3:          Democracy in America

 reading:          BH, Chapter 4

RAC, Chapter 2

                        SAF, Chapters 2 & 3

  Tu. Sept. 18     Lecture:  Competing Visions of American Democracy

 Th. Sept. 20     Discussion:  Sarah Grimke, 268-283, Orestes Brownson,  294-309,

                        Henry Carey, 324-334, George Bancroft, 284-294, Catherine Beecher,                                   310-324.

  Week 4:          Revivalists and Romantics

 reading:          BH, Chapter 5

RAC, Chapter 2

                        SAF,  Chapter 4

  Tu. Sept. 25     Lecture:  Revivalism and Reform in Antebellum America

 Th. Sept. 27     Discussion:  Ralph Waldo Emerson, 341-368 & Henry David Thoreau,                                     403-416, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, 369-383, Margaret Fuller, 384-402,

 Week 5:  Manifest Destinies

 reading:          BH, Chapter 6

                        RAC, Chapter 2

                        SAF, Chapter 5

                   

Tu. Oct. 2        Lecture:  Contested Visions of American Progress

Th. Oct. 4        Discussion:  William Lloyd Garrison, 253-267, “Introduction,” 443-445,                                   John C. Calhoun, 447-456 & George Fitzhugh, 470-480, Martin Delany,                                  481-496, Frederick Douglass, 497-512,  Abraham Lincoln, 513-529.

  Week 6:          Survival of the Fittest

 reading:           BH, Chapter 7 

RAC, Chapter 3

SAF, Chapter 6

  Tu. Oct. 9        Lecture:  Darwinism and Social Darwinism

 Th. Oct. 11      Discussion:  “Introduction,” 3-4 (Vol. II),  William Graham Sumner, 20-                                    29, Lester Frank Ward, 30-38.

  Week 7:          Subjective Necessities

 reading:          BH, Chapter 8

RAC, Chapter 4

                        SAF, Chapter 7                       

  Tu. Oct. 16      Lecture:  The Question of Women’s Rights

 Th. Oct. 18      Discussion:  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 39-44, Charlotte Perkins

                        Gilman, 45-51,  Jane Addams, 131-136.

  Week 8:          Populists and Progressives

 reading:          BH, Chapters 7 & 8

RAC, Chapters 3 & 4

                        SAF, Chapter 7

  Tu. Oct. 23      Lecture:  American Idealism in Transition

 Th. Oct. 25      Discussion:  “Introduction,” 109-110 & William James, 112-122,

                        Woodrow Wilson, 123-130, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 137-140,

                        Thorstein Veblen, 141-155

  Week 9:          Benevolent Assimilation

 reading:          BH, Chapter 9

                        RAC, Chapters 3 & 4

                        SAF, Chapters 6 & 7

  Tu. Oct. 30      Lecture:  The Debate about American Identity

 Th. Nov. 1       Discussion:  W.E.B. DuBois, 156-161, Randolph Bourne, 171-189,

                        John Crowe Ransom, 207-218                                    

 Week 10:        Red Scares and Monkey Trials

 reading:          BH, Chapter 10

RAC, Chapter 5

                        SAF, Chapter 8

  Tu. Nov. 6       Lecture:  Thought and Culture in the Turbulent Twenties

 Th. Nov. 8       Discussion:  John Dewey, 162-170, H.L. Mencken, 190-198, Margaret                                   Mead, 199-206

 Week 11:        American Dilemmas

 reading:          BH, Chapters 11 & 12

RAC, Chapter 5

                        SAF, Chapters 9 & 10

  Tu. Nov. 13     Lecture:  A New Deal for American Thought and Culture?

 Th. Nov. 15     Discussion:  “Introduction,” 231-232 & David Lilinethal, 243-248,

                        Sidney Hook, 219-228,  Gunnar Myrdal, 249-257, Reinhold Niebuhr,

                        258-265. 

 Tu. Nov. 20     Religious Freedom and American Thought and Culture

                        Discussion: Murray, “We Hold These Truthts” 316-323.

 Week 12:        Modernism and its Discontents

 reading:          BH, Chapters 13 & 14

RAC Chapter 6 and 247-267

                        SAF, Chapters 11 & 12

  Tu. Nov. 27     Lecture:  The Ambiguous Legacy of Victory in World War II

 Th. Nov. 29     Discussion:  Chambers, Arendt & Erickson, 273-314,

                        Bell, Rostow & Mills, 338-361, King, Friedan, & Malcolm X,

                        376-390 & 398-405.

Week 13:        Contemporary American Thought and Culture

 reading:          BH, Chapter 15

                        RAC, Chapter 7: 268-290

                        SAF, Chapter 13

  Tu. Dec. 4        Lecture:  Is Contemporary America Experiencing Culture Wars ? 

 Th. Dec. 6        Discussion: Clement Greenberg, 233-242 & Susan Sontag, 391-397,

                        Ralph Ellison, 422-439, Kwame Anthony Appiah, 470-481,

                        Nancy Chodorow, 440-451 & Judith Butler, 463-469