Geography 316:  Biogeography                                       Fall  2002

Exam 2 Review

Review the following terms and concepts for the exam.   Concentrate on lecture notes, rely on the text where noted

Patterns of Distribution:

Definition  of Niche

Barriers to distribution

Endemism (neoendemics and paleoendemics)

Dispersal routes (Corridor, Filter, Sweepstakes)

Continuous distribution

Cosmopolitan distribution

Disjunct distribution and hypothesize why they occur

Eurytopic and Stenotopic Taxon

Evolution:

Theory of Natural Selection

Continuous versus Punctuated evolution

Adaptive radiation (examples)

Conditions needed for evolution: 

            isolation, appearance of a novel feature (mutation)

Examples and definition of Coevolution, Convergent evolution and

Divergent Evolution

Plate tectonics/C. Drift:

Geologic time scale (Know Eras. Epochs, periods and time scale)

Laurasia, Pangaea, Gondwana(land)

Process of plate movement: spreading, subduction, uplift

Time frame of major plate movements, their relation to the organisms present at the time

Historical Biogeography
Systematics  *what is it?
Fossils :     problems with fossil record /  why fossils are important
Phylogeny :    definition /     assumptions/validity of assumptions
Phenetics  (what it is &  why it doesn’t work as well as phylogenetics)
Phylogenetic Classification
Evolutionary Systematics vs. Phylogenetic Systematics (Cladistics)

Should be able to follow a phylogenetic tree and make hypothesis about it

 

Zoogeographic regions:

            define and know something about each of them, as far as distinctive fauna and flora

            what animals are associated with each region and why

Wallace's line

Climate Change:

Evidence of climate change Direct and Indirect measures

History (last 20,000 years or so)

Hypothesized mechanisms behind climate change

Remember to read the reserved readings