LECTURE 3
FEDERALISM
Political Science 200
David Tabb
I. Introduction: Distinction between formal or constitutional federalism and informal activities defining the separation of powers- intergovernmental relations
II. Formal powers
A. Expressed powers of national government enumerated in the
in the first three articles of Constitution
B. Implied powers giving the national Congress the right
to make all laws to carry out the expressed powers--
McCulloch vs. Maryland and its importance
C. Inherent powers-- foreign policy
D. Reserved powers--powers resting with states alone-- "states rights"--regional and local government
III. Intergovernmental Relations
A. Distinction between distinct political systems involved in two stages of national domestic policymaking--policy formulation and policy implementation
B. Policy formulation refers to the political processes by which national program standards are developed to reward and deprive specific political interests.
1. Categorical grants-in-aids favoring urban, Democratic interests
2. Revenue sharing formulas favoring Republican, suburban interests
C. Story of how modern grants and aid process developed with the breakdown of new deal coalition, Kennedy election assassination, Johnson election and development of black electoral power base
D. Policy implementations referring to processes at the local level that promote or impede national legislation from getting to its target.
1. Concepts of political incorporation and policy responsiveness
a. Patterns of incorporation
1. Protest and exclusion
2. Co-optation
3. Bi-racial electoral coalitions
4. Weak mobilization